From 882c4655d7c927c3df8abedbcf5101c2b634e555 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mortdecai Date: Sat, 28 Mar 2026 17:55:37 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] Add complete references section with 17 citations Covers all sources referenced or relied upon in the paper: Scheduling theory: Smith (1956) for SPT/WSJF/exchange argument, Conway/Maxwell/Miller (1967) for scheduling textbook, Little (1961, 2011) for queueing law, Reinertsen (2009) for WSJF terminology. Measurement/incentives: Goodhart (1984) and Strathern (1997) for Goodhart's Law and its generalization. Behavioral economics: Kahneman & Tversky (1979) for loss aversion. Game theory: Akerlof (1970) for information asymmetry/adverse selection, Holmstrom (1979) for moral hazard. Psychology: Festinger (1957) for cognitive dissonance, Deci & Ryan (1985) and Ryan & Deci (2000) for Self-Determination Theory, Seligman & Maier (1967) and Seligman (1975) for learned helplessness, Shay (1994) and Litz et al. (2009) for moral injury. Each citation includes DOI where available, ISBN for books, and a brief annotation mapping it to where it is used in the paper. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) --- README.md | 170 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 170 insertions(+) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index cf0f931..d4dbde2 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1313,4 +1313,174 @@ still paint. --- +## References + +### Scheduling Theory + +[1] Smith, W. E. (1956). Various optimizers for single-stage production. +*Naval Research Logistics Quarterly*, 3(1–2), 59–66. +doi:[10.1002/nav.3800030106](https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.3800030106) + +> Origin of the SPT optimality result (Theorem 1), the weighted completion +> time rule $w_i/p_i$ descending (WSJF, Theorem 11), and the adjacent-job +> pairwise interchange (exchange argument) proof technique used throughout +> this paper. + +[2] Conway, R. W., Maxwell, W. L., & Miller, L. W. (1967). *Theory of +Scheduling*. Addison-Wesley. + +> Comprehensive treatment of single-machine and multi-machine scheduling +> theory, extending Smith's results. Standard textbook reference for the +> exchange argument and its generalizations. + +[3] Little, J. D. C. (1961). A proof for the queuing formula: L = λW. +*Operations Research*, 9(3), 383–387. +doi:[10.1287/opre.9.3.383](https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.9.3.383) + +> First rigorous proof of Little's Law, referenced in Section 5. The +> result was known informally before 1961; this paper provided the +> general proof requiring only stationarity and finite expectations. + +[4] Little, J. D. C. (2011). Little's Law as viewed on its 50th +anniversary. *Operations Research*, 59(3), 536–549. +doi:[10.1287/opre.1110.0941](https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.1110.0941) + +> Retrospective discussing the law's scope, limitations, and +> common misapplications — including the batch-case subtleties +> noted in Section 5 of this paper. + +[5] Reinertsen, D. G. (2009). *The Principles of Product Development +Flow: Second Generation Lean Product Development*. Celeritas Publishing. +ISBN: 978-0-9844512-0-8. + +> Popularized the term "Weighted Shortest Job First" (WSJF) and the +> "Cost of Delay divided by Duration" formulation in agile/lean product +> development contexts. The underlying mathematical result is Smith +> (1956) [1]. + +### Measurement and Incentives + +[6] Goodhart, C. A. E. (1984). Problems of monetary management: The +U.K. experience. In C. A. E. Goodhart, *Monetary Theory and Practice: +The UK Experience* (pp. 91–121). Macmillan. + +> Source of Goodhart's Law. Original wording: "Any observed statistical +> regularity will tend to collapse once pressure is placed upon it for +> control purposes." First presented as a working paper for the Reserve +> Bank of Australia in 1975. + +[7] Strathern, M. (1997). 'Improving ratings': Audit in the British +university system. *European Review*, 5(3), 305–321. +doi:[10.1002/(SICI)1234-981X(199707)5:3<305::AID-EURO184>3.0.CO;2-4](https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1234-981X(199707)5:3%3C305::AID-EURO184%3E3.0.CO;2-4) + +> Generalized Goodhart's observation into the form commonly cited today: +> "When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure." +> Referenced implicitly in Sections 6, 11.4, and Appendix A.4. + +### Behavioral Economics + +[8] Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of +decision under risk. *Econometrica*, 47(2), 263–292. +doi:[10.2307/1914185](https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185) + +> Established loss aversion — the finding that losses are weighted +> approximately twice as heavily as equivalent gains in subjective +> evaluation. Referenced in Section 7.4 to argue that the dissatisfaction +> of deprioritized large-task clients outweighs the satisfaction gained +> by small-task clients under SPT. + +### Game Theory and Contract Theory + +[9] Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The market for "lemons": Quality uncertainty +and the market mechanism. *The Quarterly Journal of Economics*, 84(3), +488–500. doi:[10.2307/1879431](https://doi.org/10.2307/1879431) + +> Foundational model of information asymmetry and adverse selection. +> The pooling equilibrium described in Appendix A.5 — where the client +> cannot distinguish high-quality from low-quality service because both +> produce the same aggregate metric — is structurally analogous to +> Akerlof's lemons problem. + +[10] Hölmstrom, B. (1979). Moral hazard and observability. *The Bell +Journal of Economics*, 10(1), 74–91. +doi:[10.2307/3003320](https://doi.org/10.2307/3003320) + +> Formal treatment of moral hazard — the problem arising when an agent's +> actions are not fully observable by the principal. The metric-reporting +> scenario in Appendix A.5 is a moral hazard problem: the provider +> (agent) chooses the schedule, but the client (principal) observes only +> the aggregate outcome. + +### Psychology + +[11] Festinger, L. (1957). *A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance*. Stanford +University Press. ISBN: 978-0-8047-0131-0. + +> Foundational theory of cognitive dissonance. Referenced in Appendix +> B.2: an individual holding contradictory cognitions experiences +> psychological discomfort and is motivated to reduce the contradiction. +> The proof eliminates the ambiguity that would normally allow +> rationalization, making the dissonance load-bearing. + +[12] Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). *Intrinsic Motivation and +Self-Determination in Human Behavior*. Plenum Press. +ISBN: 978-0-306-42022-1. + +> Original book-length treatment of Self-Determination Theory, +> identifying autonomy, competence, and relatedness as innate +> psychological needs. Referenced in Appendix B.3. + +[13] Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and +the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and +well-being. *American Psychologist*, 55(1), 68–78. +doi:[10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68](https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68) + +> Overview and update of Self-Determination Theory, linking need +> satisfaction to intrinsic motivation, job satisfaction, and +> psychological well-being. The three-need framework (autonomy, +> competence, relatedness) applied in Appendix B.3. + +[14] Seligman, M. E. P., & Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape +traumatic shock. *Journal of Experimental Psychology*, 74(1), 1–9. +doi:[10.1037/h0024514](https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024514) + +> Original experimental demonstration of learned helplessness. +> Co-authored with Steven F. Maier. Referenced in Appendix B.5: +> repeated exposure to uncontrollable outcomes (failed advocacy for +> better metrics) produces passivity and disengagement. + +[15] Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). *Helplessness: On Depression, +Development, and Death*. W. H. Freeman. +ISBN: 978-0-7167-0752-3. + +> Extended treatment connecting learned helplessness to human depression +> and institutional behavior. The concept of "metric fatalism" described +> in Appendix B.5 is a domain-specific instance of learned helplessness +> in organizational settings. + +[16] Shay, J. (1994). *Achilles in Vietnam: Combat Trauma and the +Undoing of Character*. Atheneum / Simon & Schuster. +ISBN: 978-0-689-12182-3. + +> Introduced the concept of moral injury through analysis of Vietnam +> combat veterans' experiences, drawing parallels to Homer's *Iliad*. +> Defined moral injury as arising from a betrayal of "what's right" by +> someone in legitimate authority in a high-stakes situation. Referenced +> in Appendix B.4. + +[17] Litz, B. T., Stein, N., Delaney, E., Lebowitz, L., Nash, W. P., +Silva, C., & Maguen, S. (2009). Moral injury and moral repair in war +veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy. *Clinical +Psychology Review*, 29(8), 695–706. +doi:[10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003) + +> Formalized moral injury as a clinical construct and proposed a +> treatment model. Defined moral injury as resulting from "perpetrating, +> failing to prevent, bearing witness to, or learning about acts that +> transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations." This definition +> is quoted in Appendix B.4 and applied to knowledge workers operating +> under synthetic metrics. + +--- + *This proof was developed conversationally and formalized on 2026-03-28.*